The ratio of water which can enter with the volume of the empty compartment.The pulsation in and out of the bow and stern plating as the ship alternately rises and plunges deep into the water.
They are peculiarly curved plates, fitted where the stern frame meets the overhang of the stern.
When the margin plate is turned down at the bilge it forms the outboard boundary of the double bottom, connecting the inner bottom in the shell plating at the bilge.The outboard strake of the inner bottom.It is the highest permissible location on the side of the ship of any damage water plane in the final condition of sinkage, trim & heel.An imaginary line drawn 75mm below the bulkhead deck at the ship’s side.In a general sense any hole cut in reduce weight without impairing strength.In double bottom vessels they provide an access to the different cells for inspection and upkeep, besides taking weight off the structure, which is their principal object.Large apertures cut in floor plates, side girders, and tank bracket plates.MEO Orals on Naval Architecture Function 3 Part 3 Lightening holes